Gas-engine.



W. S. KELLOGG, JR.

GAS ENGINE.

APPLIOATION nun rm. 1?, 190a Patented Feb. 22, 1910.

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. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM S. KBLLOGG, JR 0! PEOBIA, ILLINOIS.

ammonia.

950,395. insulation of 1mm hunt. Patented Feb. 22, 1910. Application filed February 17, 1908. Serial No. 416,392.

To all whom'it vertical section of a portion of the piston may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM S. Knpmco, Jn, citizen of the Umted States, residmg at Peoria, in the county of Peoria and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas-Engines; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention pertains to gas explosion engines, relating more particularly, how ever, to a new form of piston packing.

An object of the invention is to improve upon the on no described in in former app ication, ed June 22, 190 numbered 353,418, m which the limb of a hollow inverted piston reciprocate: within an annular recess created between the engine cylinder and the cylinder head which depends within the latter; there being a ckin ring in the piston and one in the cy inder end to prevent the gases which are ignited in said piston from reaching the contacting surfaces of the said cylinder and piston.

The resent invention provides a new form 0 piston-packing for said iston, and

I means and a certain-method by w ich it can be spread into contact with and perfectly fit the contacting or wearing surfaces for preventing the products of combustion reaching said wearing surfaces.

A further ob ect is to employ a packing rincfi upon the end of the limb of a piston so as is used in 5 engines ,of the particular form describ in my application above referred to.

A further object in connection with the packing is to provide a peculiarly arranged mechanical means for spreading such packing and if desired provide for automatical y keeping air ressure thereon in addition to the mechanics means to aid in spreading and holding said acking tight, using, however, either or be 1 methods.

other objects will appear in the following specification.

In the appended drawings, Figure l is a vertical sectional elevation of my en inc. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on line a a ig 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section, line b d Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical elevation of part of the engine showing parts thereof in transverse section on line 0 c, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of a pump. Fig. 6 is n and a. showi means for s readin a... will. p g In said drawings I have refer-ably shown an engine of a twc-cylin er form though my peculiar form of packing is applicable l; argdpiston whether one or more cylinders The cylinders of the drawing are represented by the letter A bein suit-ably mounted u on a standard or bedi. the latter having xings C for the usual crank shaft D, the cranks E thereof having the itmen F, connected with the closed end of \ollow or recessed pistons G, similar to those of my former apphcation.

Surrounding the upper end of each cylinder is a water 'acket I which may be cast with or attache to the cylinders, there bein a space constituted between the cylinder MK said jacket which is 0 on at its top but covered by a capping with which is cast a member K cylindrical in form and having a closed lower end and which lies within the cavity of the cylinder A as shown and constituting what I term the cylinder-head. Cast also with the capping is a similar men ber L of smaller diameter substantially concentric with the said member K, closed at its lower end and which depends within said member K. These two members cunstitute a water shell within and outside the ciiinder A, the water circulating over or :1 vs the walls of said c linder ns mar be understood by a stud o Fi 1. Both of the shells formed by the members K L communica-te with one another through a passage M created in a limb N connecting the caps J of the two engines. The member K of each engine is somewhat smaller in diameter than the internal diameter of the cylinder A and is centrally positioned within the latter so as lo leave un annular piston cavity 0 as shown in Fig. 3 and the cavities of the cylinders are connected with one nnother through a assugc P formed in a connectin member 5 between the engine cylindcrs, igs. 1 and 4. The limbs of the pistons G are adapted to enter the said annular cavities O as clenrlv shown in Fig. 1 and remain and travel t lerein.

The gas intake and the exhaust pipes or conduits are indicated at R and S, in Figs. 2 and l. The conduit R being also shown in Fig. l where it extends through the water spoon in the bottom of the nucmIn-r K both said pipes or conduits extendin through hnvin connection through a pipe 8 with said Water s ace, and it will be 0 rvcd in one o the piston cavities so as to l'ccvivc Fig. 2 that here are water passages T and U portion of the prcsnun from the exploding for said pipes end S respectively, by

This pipe extends vertically through which water can circulate around them for 3: water space in the cylinder-head K so as coo u ses. At an desired int, for to kee it cool, the pressure carried thereinsiii ii ce? n s iit W ma b placed tlie usual throug acting u n a piston 9 in said cylinspark plu by which t e charges of gas may er f5 and 7, 1g- 5, there being Suitable be ignit I have shown no 0 ratm packing means at 10 on both saul cylinders means nor valves for the conduits and t teat-event lealta of an to be pumped. The mentioned, since the are well known in all sal piston 9 in its sim lest form consists of a straight rod, one en receiving the pressure from the engine through the pipe 8, its

other end forcin air from the piston l lli'tO types of engines on do not form any part of my invention. But it is sufiicient to state here that the char of gas is entered first to one linder an then the other, the ex- 11 pip ll exten mg from said cylinder and beast 0 one alternating with the charge ternnna m the air passage there beintroduced int the other. mg a chec valve 12 for entrance of anto the c linderT and a similar valve 13 through whici air pressure is forced into said pipe 11. A spring 14 is interposed between u fixed collar 15 on the piston and the end of the cylinder 7 so that when the prefiureis relieved through the pipe 8 when the pressure from the engine is relieved, the pisston 9 will return to a normal or starting The main object of my invention will now described I have stated that the istons travel within the cavities O and this is done in order that the gases which are ignited within the piston cavities cannot pass to the wearing surfaces between the piston and cylinder A, for it is seen that as constructed the uses cannot get into the cavities and in or er to i po ition.

make a tight packing I have provided a In operation alt-1s drawn in through the packing in the form of a ring3 or annulus check valve 12 and expelled through valve mounted upon the annular lim of the pis- 13 continuously. By each explosion a con as in imat d t 2, th fo m f thi be mr charge of air is automatically entered to shown clearl in Fi 6, and be 0 :the passage which, b having connection asbestos or other suita lo and approved form t l h the cavit es 0, wil spread the sides of of flexible packing not afiected by] heat. in I he packing rings 2 by a pressure suthcient which is preferab a V-shaped c anncl as l to ofl'set that of the pressure from the piston indicated at 3, in which is placed a metal cavity that tend to pass by said packing mto rin 4 of corresponding form, the ring and the cavities O. In thus providing a packing pa ing being held in place upon the piston on the end of the piston and maintaining a y means of suitable bolts at intervals, one I counter pressure thereon the products of of which is indicated at 5. By adjusting 3 combustion cannot reach the wearing surthe bolts or any other means employed for l faces. the purpose the packing can be compressed Preferubly at 16 I em 10 an automatic and spread by means of the said ring 4 cans- 1 oiler connected by a pipe 7 into the air pusing t e packing to snugly contact with the sage P whereby a continuous feed of Oll can surfaces of the cylinder A and the cylindcri be had which will pass to the pistons G and head K. The sun 'ly fitting packing posikeep them thorougily lubricated.

' the cavity O As with the engine in my former applicatively holds the in meant in so that it cannot lead below the lowest point 1 tum, it is also my intentionhercln to provide an an cooled or a combination an an water of travel of the piston thus insuring a thorough lubrication where needed. it will he g cooled engine in which the piston has direct seen that this tightly fitting packing would i contact with the cylinder A which is exposed compress the air in the cavities if no relief 5 lo the air by which the said iston is cooled were provided for it. A means of connnuni through the thin wall of sairF cylinder. By cation is provided, however, from one cyliuarranging a water jacket as shown herein, do! cavity to the other through a passage T, the heated lpiston can contact with water Figs. 1 and 3, so that as the pistons travel in '5 cooled mctu s at both sides so that though opposite directions the air will pass nltori at the wry highest heat the metal will rcudnatoly from one cavity to the other through ily he kept cool. Also by having the water said passage P and would not be under a dlrcctly applied to the cylinder head K preciable compression but in addition to t in greater heat of the explosions is absorbed means already described for spreading the without utftcting the proper operation of ucking 2, I provide a pressure of air sufthe engine which always works host. at a fair ciont to spread the upwardly cxtcndin hunt. on is well known. sides of said licking. Suitably mountct 'lho opm'ution of the pum: is automatic u pump comin that when the pressure oi uir upon lluupon the top 0 thc engine is I prising two cylinders ti and 7, the former put-lung of the piston cquul'm-s that of tho force of the pressure through due to the exp oding gases it by any reason the ressure falls, at which time the action wi be renewed and the pressure raised.

in my engine the forces are all downward upon the piston, i. e. the force of the explosion is necessarily a downward one upon the piston, while in the upward movement of said piston the pressure thereon due to the air in the cavities will furnish a resistance to the too easy upward movement of the piston in a more or less firm manner, and iecause of this the pitmen F are constantly held upon the crank pins during their entire revolution and by this means there are never any loose or hammering bearing points.

Having thus claim:

1. The combination of a cylinder, a piston having an annular wall and a cavity, an annulns secured upon the end face of said wall and adapted to yield beyond said wall against the cylinder wall, and means to spread said annulus.

'2. In a ex losion engine the combination of a piston iaving an annular wall and a cavity the latter constituting the ignition and explosion chamber. a cylinder, :1 cylinder-head extending into the cylinder there being an annular space between the cylinder and its head to receive the wall of the piston, an annulus mounted on the end of the piston-wall and means to secure the same thereto.

In a gas ex )losiou engine the combination of a iston raving an annular wall and a cavity t e latter constituting the ignition and explosion chamber, a cylinder, a cylinder-head extending into the cylinder there being an annular space between the cylinder and its hen d to receive the wall of the piston, an annulus mounted on the end of the piston and means to secure the some thereto, said means also adapted to spread the annulus.

4. In a gas explosion engine, a cylinder, a piston therein of tubular form, a cylinder head extendin into the said cylinder concentric therewith, there being an annular space between said cylinder-head and said cylinder to receive the open end of the pis ton, and an annulus secured upon the end of the piston within the said annular space for contacting with the surface of both the cylinder and the cylindcr-head.

In a gas explosion engine, a cylinder, a pmton having a cavity and an open end, a cylinder-head extendmg into the cylinder concentric therewith, there being an annular space between the said cylinder and the cylinder-head, the latter having a diameter sul stautiall y equal to the dianu-ter of the cavity of the piston and likewise extending into the plston-mn'ily, and an annulus mounted upon described my invention, I

the end of the piston within the annular space and eommtuting a packing ring to contact with the surfaces of the cylinder and evlinder-head.

6. In a explosion engine, a cylinder, a tubular piston a cylinder-head extcndin" into the cyliu er and into the piston an: adapted to snugly lit the latter, a packingring secured on the. end of the piston and occupying a position between the cylinder and cylinder-head and contacting with both. and means for maintaining pressure upon said packing.

7. In a gas explosion engine, a cylinder. a tubular iston, a cylinder head extending within the cylinder and snugly fitting the cavity of the said tubular piston. a packiu secured to the end of the piston and adapter to contact with the cylinder and cylindeu head, and means for maintaining air pressure upon said packing.

8. In a gas ex lesion engine, a cylinder, a tubular piston t ere-in having a closed end and an open end, a cylinder-bead extendin" within the cylinder and within the o eu end of the iston. there being a cavity tween the wal of the cylinder and the cylinderhead within which the piston is adapted to reciprocate, and a packing-ring mounted on the extremity of the open end of the piston within said cavity.

9. In a gas ex lesion engine, a cvlindcr, a tubular piston therein having a c osed end and an open end, a cylinder head extending into the cylinder and into the tubular piston, there being a cavity in the cylinder surrounding the cylinder-head and within which the piston is ada ted to reciprocate, a packin on the extremity of the end of the iston within said cavity, and men us for ad- ]ustin the )ackin r to hold it in contact with tie sur aces o the cylinder and cylinder head.

10. In a gas explosion engine the combination of a air of cylinders, a piston for each of the utter having an annular wall and a cavity the latter constituting the ignition and explosion chamber, a cylinder-head extending into each cylinder there being an annular s ace between said head and the cylinder an a pacltin carried on the ends of the annular walls 0 the pistons there being a passage connecting the annular spaces of the cylinder.

ll. A gas explosion engine comprising two cylinders, a piston for each, a pack'uw for each piston, said packing bciu mouutet on the end surface of the piston yiug porpendieular to the direction of travel there of, and a plumage opening into and connecting the two cylinders.

l2. A gas ex )losion engine comprising n plurality of cy indels, a tubular piston for each, a cylinder-head extending into the cylindcr and into the piston, there being an unnulmcavity between the c 'lim'ler and the l to automatically introduce air under )1'05- 45 cylinder-head within whic l the iston is adapted to travel, a packing upon t to end of sure to the passages and cavities by the .orce of the explosion in the engine for the purthe piston within said cavit to contact with poses set forth.

5 both the cylinder and cylinder-head, there being a free passage connected from one to the other of said annular cavities.

16. In a gas explosion engine the combination of a piston having an annular wall and a cavity as the explosion chamber, :1 cyl- 13. A gas explosion engine comprising a plurality of cylinders, a tubular piston for each, a c lindewhead extending into the cyli inder an into the piston, there bein an annular cavity within the c lindcr and tween it and the cylinder hea within which the piston is adapted to reciprocate, a packing upon the extreme end of each iston within its respective cylinder-cavity, t were being an air passage connecting the cavities, and means for introducing air pressure to the passage and said cavities.

14. A gas ex losion engine comprising a plurality of cy mders, a tubular piston or each, a cylinder-head extending into the cylinder, and into the piston, there being an annular cavity within the cylinder between it and the cylinder-head within which the piston is adapted to reciprocate, a packing upon the end 0 each piston within .1ts respective cylinder-cavity, there being an air passage connecting the annular cavities, means for introducing pressure of air to the passage and cavities, and means for conducting a portion of the pressure of gas explosions of the engine thercinto for operating it for the purposts set fortlh.

15. gas ex osion e 1e com risin" a plurality of cylinders, a t tiliular p iston ior each, n cylinder-head extending into the cylinder and into the piston, there being an annular cavity within the c linder between it and the cylinder-head within which the piston is ada ted to reciprocate, a packing upon the end 0 each piston within its respective cylinder-cavity, t ere being an air assage connecting the annular cavities, an means inder to receive the piston and having a portion to extend into said cavity, said cylinder itself having a cavity to receive the annular wall of the iston, a packing ring secured n ion the en of the said annular wall and at apted to spread into contact with both of the adjacent surfaces of the cylinder, pres sure means havin communication with the cylinder cavity and having separate communication also with the iston cavity and adapted for the introduction of air pressure into the said cylinder cavity by impulses imparted to it by the explosions in the piston cavity.

17. In a gas engine, a pair of cylinders, a tubular piston for each and each having a closed end, and constituting an explosion chamber u tubular cup (1 cylinder-head extendin into each cylinc lzr and into the open end 0 its tubular piston, there being an annular cavity between each cylinder and its cylinder-head for travel of the piston, a packing-ring on the extremity of the open end of the piston, a passage connecting the cavities, an air pum connected at one end into the pass e, an a pipe connecting the gpposite end 0 the pum with the explosion amber for automatical y maintaining pressure of air upon the packing for the purposes set forth. a

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM S. KELLOGG, Ja.

Witnesses:

E. J. Asnnson, L. M. THURLOW. 

